Tej Kohli Animation career help for Indians in US

Best animation Movies Ever #15 How to Train Your Dragon

2011-08-30T04:08:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation blog presents the 15th movie on its top 25 list. Taking this spot, is the very popular movie, Finding Nemo. Read on to know what makes this movie stand out only at Tej Kohli blog.

This movie changed the belief that fish are friends not food. At times, we are not out-rightly impressed with the stunt voice casting. Its not unusual to see celebrities showing up in animated flicks these days. They do their own voices and put the more talented, voice actors out of work. But in a very few films like this one, celebrity voices actually help shape the movie and storyline, while turning it into something wonderful and impressive. Finding Nemo takes you on an exciting journey with Albert Brooks and Ellen DeGeneres, who will make you laugh all the way through what is eventually a serious story.

Nemo is a little orange clown fish, the only kid of his father. And as we've seen in many other animated pictures on animal kingdom, it is a jungle out there (in this case, a vast ocean). This movie saw Pixar at its creative best as they created an underwater world so vast and beautiful that one really couldn't imagine how Marlin would ever find Nemo. But the treatment of the story and unfolding of the events is so well put that you will actually become a part of their journey.

Tej Kohli blog is a place to find useful tips and information on 2D and 3D animation. For more information on the same, keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #16 How to Train Your Dragon

2011-08-24T04:22:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli list of best animation movies comes up with another remarkable movie to have found a place here at our blog.

Some may despise us for listing such a recent movie in the Tej Kohli's list of best animation movies ever, but this countdown could go no further without mentioning it. How to Train Your Dragon is undoubtedly one of the best movies in the recent few years, animated or otherwise.

DreamWorks has offered a slew of successful computer-animated films since Shrek and several others. But Dragon is an exception, as it is the first movie by Dreamworks that has a "Pixar feel." By this we intend to say that it worked on several levels, besides being just funny.

The movie portrays the story of Hiccup, a weird kid trying to fit into the Viking society he was a part of. The movie benefits from some great humour, but also has some heart touching moments, especially where Hiccup bonds with Toothless, one of the Dragon's that are the long time enemies of his community. This movie depicts a beautiful emotional journey which leaves a lifetime impact on viewers.

Tej Kohli blog will be back with more interesting movies, so stay tuned!

Best animation Movies Ever #17 The Lion King

2011-08-19T02:13:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog's list of best animation movies continues with another popular movie taking 17 spot on the chart.

Read what makes The Lion King one of the Disney's best work even after 17 years, at Tej Kohli blog.

Lion King was one of the trendsetter movies in the Disney era. Released during the early 1990s, Lion King turned out to be a huge hit and became one of the highest revenue earning traditionally animated film ever released.

Even 17 years later Simba, Scar and Mufasa are household names thanks to the enormous popularity of the sequels, songs and Broadway plays and everything that has been inspired by the movie. But who would have thought back in 1994 that all the characters would become some of the Disney's most popular creations.

The movie showcases Simba's Journey to adulthood, retribution, and taking up his rightful place as the lion king. While, there is nothing new about the story, but the content has been delivered very effectively. While the movie was full of Disney's cliches like tragic origin, comic animal sidekicks, lessons in life, it works amazingly well, perhaps because the of the unique vibe given the proceedings by the artists' African landscapes and the fantastic music by composers Elton John and Tim Rice. Combining tried and true concepts with new and interesting angles - call it the Disney Circle of Life.

Tej Kohli suggests you to also watch the 3D version of the movie which has recently been released this year. For more movies keeping coming back to Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #18 Ratatouille

2011-08-04T03:41:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation carrer blog is back with another fantastic movie which sits pretty at the position 18. Read on to know what makes this movie so special at Tej Kohli blog.

No one in his wildest dreams would have imagined that an animated movie would have us all drooling over the delectable french cuisine.

The central character of the movie Remy, was not on some princess rescue or on a mission to save the world, but was the world's first Foodie hero. As a Parisian rat who refused to uphold the family tradition of eating garbage and moving around in filth. Remy is the epitome of what Pixar is good at, creating anxious, yet daring, oddball. Add in some bright colors, some kitchen accidents and an unusual friendship over a simmering flame and the world's greatest equalizer food, the outcome is a the beautiful story about finding one's place in the world of harsh realities.

One tiny bite of this amazing feast and you'll be instantly transported back to your childhood; when things made sense and the world was still filled with wonder.

Tej Kohli is an expert writer with a special focus on 2D and 3D animation! Stay tuned to Tej Kohli blog for the next flick on our countdown. Any guesses?

Best animation Movies Ever #19 Sleeping Beauty

2011-07-28T02:33:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation movies list brings the next contender - Sleeping Beauty. Read its review as written by Tej Kohli.

Sleeping beauty was last of the classic animated fairy tales produced by Walt Disney himself. Released in 1959, the film initially bombed at the box office, but over time came to be known as one of the finest and most beloved film of the Disney's golden era. This is the studio's most iconic work with jaunty creatures, a beautiful princess, an evil sorcerers and a handsome prince on a white steed.

Full of vibrant colours, contemporary designs, and music based on the Tchaikovsky ballet, this film has nothing common in looks and sounds than any of the films that came earlier. The clean hand painted cells, which seems inspired by the medieval art offer a stylized look and a vibrant palette filled with bizarre combination of violet, green, ochre, indigo and fuchsia. The final climactic battle between Prince Phillip and Maleficent in the form of a gigantic dragon remains one of the most beautiful and thrilling sequences ever animated.

Tej Kohli animation career blog is the place to find latest articles and updates on the animation industry. For more great animation movies keep reading the Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #20 My Neighbor Totoro

2011-07-20T00:35:00.000-07:00

Here is another movie in our top 25 list!

Tej Kohli list of best animation movies ever shares another interesting movie which should be part of every animation lovers' library. In this post Tej Kohli talks about the 20th best animation movie My Neighbor Totoro!

My Neighbor Totoro is one of the earlier animation films by Hayao Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli and even 22 years later is still considered one of their best creations.

The movie narrates the story of two sisters who move to the countryside in the post war Japan. There they come across a forest full of imaginative critters, and a large protective spirit named Totoro. As with most Miyazaki's movies, the film shows the journey of clash of childhood innocence and the beginning of adulthood and other other harsh realities associated to it.

Totoro does justice to both these aspects with its bright, vibrant visuals and its denial to submit to the old storytelling methods that derail so many Hollywood animations. If you are a fan of Miyazaki's films or even animation in general, you cannot afford to give this movie a miss.

Tej Kohli is an animation expert and loves sharing information about animation movies. For more movies in the top 25 list, keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #21 The Fantastic Mr. Fox

2011-06-22T02:37:00.001-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog brings another addition to his list of best animation movies ever. Taking the 21st spot is The Fantastic Mr. Fox. Read on to know what makes this movie special and deserving of this spot at Tej Kohli Blog.

Imagine what will you get when you combine the unique film making talents of writer-directors Wes Anderson and Noah Baumbach - arguable their best work, though with a brief moments of very old-school, fun stop-motion animation.

The fantastic Mr. Fox, is based on novel by Roald Dahl, has George Clooney lending his voice to the titular character, a columnist who relapses to his sly, chicken coop robbing roots to feed his family when three big corporate chicken farmers threaten to tear down Fox and Friends' home. Despite being set isin a very basic environment, the content and interplay between the characters is very inspiring, witty and entertaining. The characters, made of art and craft supplies, feel more alive than most live-action characters. And Anderson and Baumbach, operating outside of their usual wheelhouse governed by all-too-smart, upper-class people with upper-class problems, seem to bring out the best in each other here, giving the film many opportunities to be one of the most underrated films of 2009.

Tej Kohli animation career blog is a place to find useful and informative articles on 2d and 3d animation. For more useful tips, keep reading the articles by Tej Kohli.

Best animation Movies Ever #22 Ghost In the Shell

2011-06-15T04:58:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli blog presents another movie on its top animation movies ever list. Read on to know what this movie is all about at Tej Kohli blog.

A feature length film by Mamoru Oshii, Ghost in the Shell is adapted from the manga by Masamune Shirow. This helped kick off a massive, worldwide franchise including several sequences, a few TV series, video games, novels, toys and more. Directors of the sorts of James Cameron has praised it, the Wachowski brothers have confessed it as being a key influence on The Matrix and a Steven Spielberg produced live-action film which is currently under production.

The movie is basically a crime thriller set in the future, says Tej Kohli. The 1985 film revolves around cyborg security officer Major Motoko Kusanagi, who sets out on the trial of a criminal hacker called Puppet Master. The film explores such deep, existential themes as the nature of identity and what it is that makes us human.

Tej Kohli blog is a place to find useful information on animation. For more information keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #23 Fantasia

2011-06-12T23:48:00.000-07:00

Fantasia is another fantastic animated movie on the 23^rd spot at Tej Kohli's best animated movies ever list. Read on to know what makes this movie stand out amid the rest at Tej Kohli blog.

While many animation lovers gives this picture the top most spot on their list, we have not kept it on the top. Agreed that it is Walt Disney's ultimate creation, piece de resistance and great stuff, but let's face it, it can also be kind of boring at times, cheesy at others and dated in the worst way here or there. Thanks to the unicorns (and not to forget the baby unicorns), says Tej Kohli.

But, despite the flaws, there is still a lot of things to appreciate in the movie, even 70 years later since it was released. Some high points of the movie are sequences like the climactic 'night on bald mountain', featuring the awesome demon creature Chernabog. The movie is episodic, most non-narrative and is set out to various pieces of classical music. Even technically, the movie has got no parallels. Its animation is still rated among the best ever created.

For the next picture in the Tej Kohli's list of best animated movies ever keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #24 Metropolis

2011-06-09T04:03:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli series of best animated movies ever gives the 24th spot to the classic animated movie Metropolis. Read what makes this movie special at Tej Kohli blog.

One of the true classics of the silent era Fritz Lang's Metropolis, is still considered a classic among animated films.

Released in 2001, movie is an adaptation of Osamu Tezuka's manga series, which itself adapted Lang's film. The animation showcases a conflict between societal classes, but also offers a very personal exploration of what is the significance of Human life. The movie is replete with fantastic visuals and pure, uncontrolled imagination. Even today, metropolis certainly holds a strong position against classics of the sorts of Akira and Ghost in the Shell.

Tej Kohli animation blog is a place to find all the tips and information on animation. For the next movie in the list, keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Best animation Movies Ever #25 Batman: The Mask Of Phantasm

2011-06-08T04:04:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog begins a new series of posts on the Top 25 animation movies ever made. In this post Tej Kohli has talked about a Batman movie, which changed the face of animation. The list will go on as more movies will be discussed in the upcoming posts, in an ascending order of popularity.

Long before the batman begins hit the theaters, this animated flick was the Dark Knight's best big screen movie. And some still argue that it is the best movie ever made.

Movie revolves around Bruce Wayne's past as Batman must stop a new rouge, Phantasm from killing Gotham's local mob population. The perpetrator and the crimes are related to Bruce's first and perhaps the last shot at true love, a relationship he was ready to leave the cowl for, it it meant a happy life.

Tragedy follows batman like a shadow, and when you add Mark Hamill's Joker into the story, the end product is one of the most dramatically satisfying films DC has ever made. Tej Kohli says the Phantasm is a wonderful nemesis, and when he removes the mask the reveal is both astonishing and justified. The climax of the film is set at an abandoned Gotham World Fair ground is outrightly epic and extremely violent, thanks for joker challenging batman to the fight for his life. Every character evil or good is connected by an event in their past. The movie completely exploits the outcomes of that event, especially the impact it has on Bruce.

With his films, Nolan nailed who the Dark Knight is. But Phantasm did it first.

Tej Kohli animation career blog is a place to find all the information related to animation. For the list of other best animation movies, keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Tej Kohli Explains the 3D Cartoon Making Process

2011-05-15T23:35:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation blog shares some useful tips to help you draw a 3D cartoon. Here's the complete tutorial by Tej Kohli.

Drawing a 3D cartoon involves shading or drawing in the dark areas. Suppose your back is facing the sun, then your front will be shaded. Rendering or shading a 2D cartoon adds depth to it and makes it appear like a 3D drawing.

To start drawing a 3D cartoon all you need is a drawing paper, a drawing pencil and few colored drawing pencils.

1. As with any drawing, the first step in a 3D drawing is to decide what to draw. After picking up a object, example a stuffed toy, a tree or a car, make a line drawing of it. Start with a lighter hand first and do the necessary corrections if required. Then, darken the contours using a darker pencil like ebony.

2. Second step , says Tej Kohli is to decide what color the body of the object will be. Color the object in.

3. Place the object in a lighted area and find the shadows. Draw the shadows with a darker shade of the original color you used to color your character's body and head. Render directional shadows using the side of your pencil. Darken an edges, lighten the shadow as it moves toward the light source. If you are using a soft lead pencil, smear with your fingers to make the shadows smoother.

4. When drawing a human character, use a darker shade of the color used for his clothes and skin. On the other hand, if you are drawing an animal you would need only one original color.

5. Create a portfolio of characters and scan them into your computer and print your comic characters.

Tej Kohli animation career blog is a place where you will find all the possible information related to animation. To know more about 3D animation process keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Tej Kohli Explains How to Format a Script for an Animated Series

2011-04-27T01:49:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation blog is a useful resource for all animation enthusiasts. In this article Tej Kohli has discussed some useful tips to help animators format a script for an animated series.

There is no difference between writing a script for animation and writing a live-action script. The format of both these scripts remain pretty much the same. To format a screenplay or script you can use various word processing programs such as word, but nowadays a variety of screenplay formatting programs are available that makes this process easier and seamless. There is a standard format for a screenplay or script that is accepted industry-wise. If you want to deliver a professional looking, quality and finished script, you would certainly need a properly formatted screenplay.

Tej Kohli offers some handy tips for the writers and animators.

1. Write an outline : Figure out the duration of the episode or the animated movie you are making. Then start writing an outline that summarizes the primary high and low points in the plot. Then, develop story points to 'beats' that are central to the plot of the movie. Weave the story around these beats.

2. Write about the characters : A common practice that a lot of screenplay writers do is to develop their characters by using a technique called back story. Back story gives a basic idea about the characters and helps a writer imagine how and why characters act and react. These stories helps the writers understand why a character reacts in a particular way. This helps the writer to take the story forward.

3. Determine action sequences using outline: A characteristic difference between animation script and a live action script is in the use of action. An animated script is full of action since the animated characters can be put in rather perilous situations than live-action actors. While an action sequence is written very clearly and concisely, an animator uses the script as a blueprint to develop the action sequences.

4. Write dialogues: Dialogues, like in live-action scripts, helps to take the story further. However, live action scripts can proceed slowly than animated ones as live actors can interpret their parts as they interpret their character. Whereas, an animation script moves faster as it is the essence of animation to keep things, characters and situations moving. As most animation characters talk in short, quick sentences, it is important that the dialogues are sharp, quick and snappy. Avoid writing long speeches.

5. Rewrite : Once you have completed the first draft, leave it for a while. Then, with a fresh mid, review the script for movement, action and dialogue. If there is any action sequence which is not clear and concise, rewrite it. Cut the dialogues short if need be. And remember to correct typos, if any.

Tej Kohli is an entrepreneur and philanthropist located in San Jose, Costa Rica. In this blog, Tej Kohli covers all the important aspects of 3D animation to help beginners start their career journey.

Information on 3D Animation Courses - Tej Kohli

2011-04-24T23:42:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation Career blog brings you another useful piece of information on 3D animation. In this post Tej Kohli has discussed about the leading Animation programs and colleges around the world.

3D animation is a creative, hi-tech animation profession which requires specialized 3D animation programs. These programs are designed to train and educate students on how to create 3D animation effects and arrange them together to tell a story. These programs educate students on how to create 3D animation movies and other small projects. These animation programs are pretty much available in almost every country and typically last for as little as a few months to a full degree four year course.

Tej Kohli enlists some of the most influential animation schools in the world:

New York Film Academy

New York Film Academy allows students to choose from three options in the 3D animation programs. These options vary from a three-week program, to a four-week program and a full one year program. The classes for three-week animation program are held everyday during the week and teaches students the basic principles of animation. The four-week program option is for students who can't dedicate a complete year but want to learn the 3D animation basics on a hi-tech computer software. The one year program, on the other hand, is an all-encompassing program that goes a step ahead by training students on using the technical and artistic tools in 3D animation.

Vancouver Film School

Vancouver film school offers a one year animation program in 3D animation and visual effects. Students may choose pursue any one of the three specialization areas i.e. 3D animation, modeling and visual effects. Students will be awarded a diploma upon the completion of this program. This program covers a variety of subjects including history of animation, classical animation, 3D animation, concept development, story telling and digital compositing.

Cogswell Polytechnic College

Congswell Polytechnic college runs a program in digital art and animation that awards a Bachelor in Arts degree to students upon completion. Students may choose from four major specialization areas including 3D animation, entertainment design, game development and modeling. The 3D animation option offer courses like introduction to 3D animation, animation principles, character rigging, drawing animation and 2D animation.

Mildred-Elley

Mildred-Elley's School of Digital Media Arts allows students to pursue a game design and 3D animation program. This program has two options – an undergraduate certificate or an associate's degree. Students can take classes either during the day, evening or on weekends and can complete their degree in as few as 16 months. Course covers drawing for digital media, 3D modeling, animation techniques, 3D character modeling and advanced 3D character rigging and animation.

Tej Kohli is an entrepreneur and philanthropist from San Jose, Costa Rica with a keen interest in 3D animation and its procedures. Keep reading Tej Kohli animation career blog for the most relevant information on 3D animation.

Tej Kohli's Free Tools for Creating 3D Characters

2011-04-04T02:13:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog helps 3D beginners to learn the basics of 3D animation with the simple guides and tutorials by Tej Kohli. In this article Tej Kohli talks about some FREE tools for making 3D characters which animators can use.

In the recent times, movies like Dreamworks's 'Shrek' series and Pixar's 'Toy Story' films have motivated a lot of people to try to develop 3d characters of their own. However, the computer hardware and software required to make such characters are very expensive. Fortunately, a developing open source software clan and a reasonably priced, high end computer hardware has made it accessible for anyone willing to put in his time and effort.

Blender – A free, open source software, Blender offers a huge range of features that are enough to create an ideal 3-D character. The package includes modeling, sculpting, rigging and rendering features, including skeleton creation with polygon meshes, and UV maps. Blender also let artists to add animation effects to their characters. Furthermore, its compatibility with all leading OS makes Blender an attractive free choice amongst animators.

Anim8or – It is another popular open-source program which is also free. However, Amim8or doesn't have some of the more advanced features of blender. But, it has all the functionalities required to create a 3D characters including primitives for structure building, splines for curvature and texture effects. Images can be exported in various standard image formats like .JPG and .BMP. It also has animation options.

3D canvas – Created by Amabilis, 3D canvas is available in both a free version and two, more sophisticated pay versions. While the free version provides basic introduction to 3D modeling and animation. The features include 3D primitives, real-time rendering, background images and splines.

DAZ Studio 3 – Basically developed for 3D character modeling, DAZ Studio 3 also comes in free and paid versions. Aimed at beginners, the free version also features the drag and drop functionality. It also comes with photo realistic and cartoon rendering options, primitives and background images. The make the character creation simpler, the software also provides free pre-made 3D models and accessories

Tej Kohli is an expert in animation and likes to share his knowledge with those just begining their career in animation. Tej Kohli blog is a place to find all the latest information about 2D and 3D animation.

Tej Kohli Explains How to Create Animated 3D Models and 3D Movie Scenes

2011-03-24T03:19:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog is back with another easy to understand tutorial on how to create animated 3D model and make 3D movie scenes. Read the complete guide below on Tej Kohli Blog.

Creating 3D movie scenes with animated models is something that artists make with design software like Blender or Maya. These programs come equipped with functions for making 3D scene's models and generating series of animated images embracing those models. The first thing than an artist must create when making a 3D movie is its model and environment. This may involve exhaustive research and groundwork into prior related artwork. With proper research artists are able to create authentic models, for example the Titanic Ship model in the movie Titanic. Advantages of creating 3D scenes with models are many but most important is the personal satisfaction of creating a world out of your own imagination.

1. To begin, open a 3D design & animation program on your computer. Then click the 'create' or 'draw' in the menu. This step starts a procedure that will bring out a 3D scene demonstrating a ball bouncing into a basket. It is a sample project which will introduce you to various concepts and procedures you can execute while making other animated scenes.

2. Under the 'create' menu, click the 'box' item. Then click and drag in the 'perspective' viewport to create the box's base. Once the box fills the view-port's screen, release the mouse and slightly drag upwards to form the box's height. After this click to finish the box. You have created a ground model on which the ball will bounce.

3. Start creating the ball by clicking on the 'sphere' item under the 'create' menu. Then click and drag anywhere atop the ground you created in the last step to create the ball. Release the mouse once the ball has reached its ideal size.

Tej Kohli has a keen interest in 3D animation, despite not taking it as a full time career.

4. Click the 'create' menu's 'cylinder' item. Click and drag on the ground model an a position opposite to that of the ball. This action will ascertain the cylinder's base. To grow the cylinder's height, release the mouse and drag upwards. Click again to complete the cylinder.

5. Next, select the 'animation' menu heading and then click the 'make keyframe' function under it. This action will generate a frame of the 3D movie. The software will automatically calculate the movie frames between your key-frames to complete the movie.

6. Keep dragging the animation time slider at the bottom of your screen until it frame counter reads '50'. Movie's current frame advances with this action and enables artist to create a new keyframe.

7. Select the ball and then click you 'Modify' menu's 'move' command. This command allows you to move 3D models. Then drag the ball in upward direction and little towards the cylinder. Then create another keyframe as instructed in step 5.

8. Drag the animation time slider to frame 100, then move the ball back down to the ground, and slightly closer to the basket. Make another keyframe.

9. Repeat this cycle of increasing the animation time slider by 50 frames, moving the ball toward the basket's top, then making a keyframe. Once the ball has reached the basket, continue to the next step.

10. Click the "Animation" menu's "Preview" command to view the ball bouncing into the basket.

11. Click the "Render" menu's "Render animation" command to produce a more realistically shaded version of the completed animated scene.

To read more informative articles by Tej Kohli, keep reading us.

Tej Kohli Answers Who Invented 3D Animation

2011-01-25T02:29:00.000-08:00

Tej Kohli animation Career help blog brings another informative piece of article on who invented 3D animation. Find out who contributed to the evolution of 3d with Tej Kohli.

When someone asks me who invented 3D animation, I simply reply that there is no one person responsible for creation of 3D animation. Instead, it is an outcome of the combined efforts of various innovators, artists and advancements in the field of technology.

Advent of Computer Art
"Computer graphics in the olden days were clunky and difficult to create", says Tej Kohli. Users had to produce their computer art by inputting complicated mathematical equations and coordinates. It was after Ivan Sutherland's created the Sketchpad software in 1961 that caused computer graphics to take off. This program allowed users to use a light pen to actually draw images for a computer to replicate. His software became the inspiration for much of the computer graphics software we use today.

Digitalization of the world
Thomas knoll created Adobe Photoshop as a simple photo editing tool, but by the early nineties a lot of magazines advertising agencies and film studies started using Photoshop and Illustrator to produce their mass market images. This led to the growth of these softwares and paved way for 3d Animation says Tej Kohli.

Disney Goes Digital
Disney ruled the 2D animation industry until the late 10930s and was at its peak during the 1980s. During what was known as Disney renaissance, animators looked for new ways to make their movies different. They began to animate more detailed elements using 2D animation software.

Full Digital Movies
Disney people searched for cost- and time- effective techniques to churn out more of their immensely lucrative films per year. A company called Graphics Group launched a computer system that allowed animators to automate the laborious ink and coloring parts of the process. With the release of "Pocahantas" in 1995, Disney became the first animation studio to use this computer process for a complete film.

Pixar
John Lasseter, an employee at the Graphics Group, created 3-D short animation films to help sell their products. These short films gained so much attention that Disney and the Graphics Group (renamed Pixar) teamed up to release "Toy Story" in 1995. The film was a success and proved to cost less and take less time than producing 2-D animated films. Pixar's subsequent film releases, and those of other animation studios, proved that 3-D would be the future of animation.

To learn more about Animation keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Tej Kohli's Facts About 3D Animators

2011-01-05T21:57:00.000-08:00

Tej Kohli blog for Animation Career help shares another informative article by Tej Kohli, stating some facts about 3D animation.

As the computer technology continues to advance by leaps and bounds, 3D animation has branched out into many sub-fields like gaming, cinema, advertising, engineering and education. To cope with the ever-increasing demand, several companies are innovating new 3D animation programs of various complexities and secondary educational institutes are offering courses in various niches related to this field.

History : its was in the 1980s when 3D computer animation picked up popularity with music videos like 'Money for nothing' by Dire Straits and movies like 'Tron'. The demand for 3D animators has only grown since then and has become the foundation of numerous companies and businesses.

Functions : Disney's “Toy Story”was the first ever feature film in 3D. Following the suit, many other companies also released a number of super-hit 3D animation features, movies and television shows. Apart from movies and television, 3D animation has become the backbone of gaming industry ever since the 32- bit gaming systems where introduced in the market. In addition to entertainment, professional industries like engineering, aerospace, mechanical engineering and architecture have come to rely heavily on the 3D animation for design and stimulation purposes.

Tej Kohli is an active blogger and a successful entrepreneur who is on a mission to hep those who wants to launch a succcessful career in the animation field. Tej Kohli blog is a repository of useful articles to help you shape your career path in animation industry.

Education: Most of the basicas most skills that a 3D animator must possess are almost same for both entertainment and other industries. In general parlance, 3D animation has become synonymous to the 'game design'. As most renowned universities tend to focus more on game design aspect of 3D, it is usually a wiser decision for an animator to opt for best game design programs over anything else.

Tools : Nowadays, there are plethora of 3D animation software available in the market vying for users at various skill levels. Some of the these programs emphasize on actual animation of people, animals, machine and other moving creatures, others focus on 3D illustration of backdrops.

Benefits : As 3D animators are still in a huge demand, if you complete your course from a reputed university chances are that you might fetch a high paying job ranging from $40,000 to $60,000 a year. Luckily, if your project becomes a hit, you can start making six figures per year.

For more tips by Tej Kohli on 2D and 3D animation trends and industry updates keep reading Tej Kohli blog.

Tej Kohli Tips on How To Draw a 3D animals

2010-12-07T02:44:00.000-08:00

Tej Kohli blog brings some more useful tips to help you create those basic 3D layouts. Read more and learn more with Tej Kohli Animation Career Help Blog.

By adding 3D characteristics and elements to your design you can make them appear more realistic and jump off the page. Incorporating these elements is easy and even children can use these techniques to enhance their simple line drawings to add depth to the animals and make them stand out of the backdrops. The first rule of thumb in 3D drawings is always draw in pencil, as it makes it easier to add shading and rectify the mistakes. However, once the basic drawing is ready, it can be later enhanced with colors.

Shading in the portion of animals creates depth. Rendering with a light color makes an object look closer while a darker color makes it look distant. For example, because the nose of the dog protrudes out, if drawing illustrates a dog's face head on, his nose area would be lighter than its cheeks and forehead.
Adding shadows will make animal pop put from its background. After deciding what direction the light would fall from, make all the shadows uniform. Given that the sun were directly in front f the animal, the shadow would fall behind it. Alternatively, if the light is coming from the left, the shadow would be slanted towards the right.
Instead of rendering the flat lines, add views from the side and back angles. For example, you may add a slanted line alongside the outline of the animal's leg to create a rounded limb. By showing a slight view of the side of the leg other than the front makes the limb emerge from the plain and give drawing a 3D quality.
Use proportion to help the animal stand out. If the head of the horse is facing towards the front and body is extended behind it, the front legs should be slightly larger than the hind legs since they are father from the view.

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Tej Kohli's Free 3D Animation Tools

2010-11-30T22:22:00.000-08:00

In the wake of the several award-winning 3D animation movies, a lot of students and computer design graduates find themselves interesting in taking up a career in 3D animation movies. Tej Kohli animation career blog has always strived to help those seeking a creer in animation field. Even though this field demands sheer dedication and hard work, this career can pay off good in the long run. Nowadays, you can choose from a plethora of 3D animation programs that can be used to create any desired effect. Tej Kohli Animation Career Blog brings you an overview of some such 3D animation tools.

1. Blender – an open-source selection of 3D animation tools and is available totally free of cost online. Tej Kohli feels that this is an excellent program for beginners to use so as to determine whether 3D animation is the right career path for you. This program in many versions compatible with all popular OS.

2. Poser – a program developed by SmithMicro software, poser provides the most powerful 3D animation tools that are used by professional animators. The newest version of Poser gives students an opportunity to create 3D faces from digital images which can later be improved with additional features like hair, clothing and other accessories. Again this program is compatible with all leading operating systems.

3. Mudbox – Created by Autodesk and first implemented in the blockbuster remake of 'king kong', MudBox is an awesome animation software says Tej Kohli. Mudbox makes use of virtual brushes to better adapt to the needs to modern digital designers and animators. 3D characters created using Mudbox can easily be manipulated, posed or deformed to create real 3D effects. The built-in scene recorder in Mudbox can record short sequences and is available in windows and Mac compatible versions.

4. After Effects : Straight from the Adobe labs comes the Adobe After Effects, which is compatible with Adobe family's other image and video-editing applications. This software allows users to seamlessly import their work from other programs for 3D rendering. It is compatible with both Windows and Mac.
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Learn How to Create 3D Animations with Tej Kohli

2010-10-27T23:54:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli explains the art of creating 3D animation on your computer.

The three dimensional animations or 3D animations as they are popularly called are an aspect of art form that requires state-of-the-art computers and software applications. 3D animation is comparatively easier than 2D and can be done by anybody for both commercial or personal purposes. All you need to have is some basic knowledge of the computer, a few creative ideas and you can create 3D animation with ease. Given below is Tej Kohli's step by step guide to creating 3D animation:

To begin with, using a pencil draw on a paper what you want to create as your 3D character.

Now, select a 3D animation software to create your animations. There are plenty of free 3D software available on the internet such as Anim8or or Blendor.

Download, install and launch the 3D animation software. Also make sure that you learn all the functions by reading instruction manuals that come along with the software.

Follow the instructions in the manual to create your drawing and save it side by side.

Remember, that practice makes the man perfect, and this stands true in this respect as well.

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Tej Kohli Explains the Cartooning Process

2010-10-11T03:50:00.000-07:00

Welcome back to the Tej Kohli Animation Blog. Today, Tej Kohli will explain you about the process of cartooning and various steps involved in it.

Pre-Production

The pre-production stage of cartooning starts with a storyboard, where the complete story is rendered in comics style to give an illustration of how the story proceeds besides serving as a guide for the animators. These graphics or drawings can be laid out on either poster board, large sheets of paper or a foam board. In the West, especially the North America, this voice acting is also recorded in the animation so the animators can use it to guide their work. Whereas, in Eastern animation, the voice acting is recorded to match the animated images instead of the other way around.

Animation Drawing

In this process, the animated drawings are sketched onto 'cels', which are individual character pictures for every single moment, including the slightest movement made by the characters. The animator first draw cel pictures on a paper as an outline and, originally were scanned and printed on plastic celluloid sheets and painted in hand. Nowadays, these outlines are usually uploaded and colored through a computer. The background images is also drawn. One may use these drawings repetitively as they remain static throughout the scene.

Shooting the animation

All the cels required for one animation frame are laid out on the scene backdrop to generate the entire setting of the frame. Then, the camera shoots the frame. A second of animation uses about 26 frames on an average, thereby, requiring the use of thousands of cel sheets places singularly on the background and shot one at a time. The frames, when rightly placed and shot in action, can create action when the recording is replayed. Once the recording is done, the music, voices and other sound effects are introduced to the animation, and the whole show can then be edited to get the final outcome.

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Tej Kohli Explains 2D Animation Techniques

2010-09-27T04:09:00.001-07:00

Tej Kohli Animation Career Blog explains the basic 2D animation techniques...

Animation, be it 2D or 3D, is a string of frames that imparts movement. Traditional animation comprised of a sequence of illustrations shat at 24 frames per second. The art of animation is varied and that's why the list of 2D animation methods has gone far behind paper and pencil. Give below is the overview of 2d animation techniques and principles.

The art of movement – one of the basic aesthetics of animation is deciding the motion of the drawings. Will it snap, or will it have an attitude, this is up to an animator to select any realistic or unique style he likes to bring about the desired effect.

Timing – once you have decided the movement of the animation, the next step is to decide how much time to allot to that action. This process is known as timing. In order to accomplish this, an animator can enact the action in his head and determine the duration using his instinct. If you want to have a more precise measurement, try this technique using a stopwatch. You may also act out the motion yourself to get a better understanding of what you are drawing.

Spacing – spacing means determining how the drawings will be placed between each other. When done in a right manner, the spacing of illustrations can create weight and believability. This do this, always remember that when you add more drawings, the longer they will be seen on the screen. While a fewer drawings takes less time, they imply a shorter action. If the motion takes place at equal intervals, then the illustrations must be spaced equally from each other. As the motions speeds up or slows down, drawings can be spaced accordingly - slow in and slow out.

Slow In - Think acceleration the same way as the action of reaching out your hand. The actions begins at a slow pace but gets faster as your hand accelerates upward. This is executed by padding drawings together at the beginning of the action, showing longer onscreen, to using fewer frames, father apart as the action completes, thus the ending is appearing for less time onscreen.

Slow Out - This is a term for deceleration. The action starts fast and ends slowly, creating a slow out. At the start, drawings are placed father apart from each other, with many drawings padding the end of the action. This creates a slowing effect.

Key Frames - These are usually the first frames drawn, and represent the major points of action. Key framing the animation is a general way of laying down a foundation of the most important poses. The biggest benefits to using key frames is the ability to see if the animation works with a relatively low drawing investment. As a note, not all animators use key frames, as it can make animation look stiff or unnatural. It also depends largely on preference.

1s, 2s, 3s, 4s - Animation is recorded at 24 frames per second. The term 1s, 2s and so on refers to how many frames are shot per drawing. If each drawing were shot only once, a 1 to 1 ration of one drawing to one frame shot, this would mean the animation was shot on 1s. If each drawing was shot twice, one drawing for every two frames, would be called 2s, and etc. Contrary to popular opinion most animation is not shot on 1s, but rather 2s unless the action needs to be particularly smooth as in dancing or an underwater scene.

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Understanding breakdown Drawings in 2D Animation with Tej Kohli

2010-09-22T21:58:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli describe the process of 2D animation and the importance of breakdown drawings in creating an animated scene. Keep reading Tej Kohli animation career help blog foe more on 2D animation.

Developing a 2D animation needs a series of multiple drawings to complete the description of actions to narrate a story. The breakdown drawing referred to the middle drawings that severe as the chief changeover actions between two keys.

Story – This is the most important component of the animator's mind – it starts simply with telling a story. Video recording devices are often used as reference point and can be a paramount tool for understanding the distinction between key and breakdown drawings.

Timing – The plan for animation depends a lot on timing. A lot of animators use stopwatch and timing graphs are detail the key frame and breakdown poses.

Key Frames – these are the primary describing actions that explains the story of the scene. If you are making a a story animation, it must begin with key frames to organize the further work.

Breakdown – it's not necessary to place the breakdown at the exact middle point between the two key frames. Since, a breakdown is next most changeover point between two key drawings, it necessitates a lot of fine tuning and shifting.

In-between – also known as straight run, these drawings fills in the remaining information enabling a smooth run for your scene. The direction already established by the key and breakdown drawings is crucial to create the smoothest flow and timing for 2D animation.

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History of Animation by Tej Kohli

2010-08-17T22:10:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli

History of animation

Animation has come a long way from papers to the computer screens and now the big screen. But do you even now how animation started? Tej Kohli blog takes on a delighful journey of the animation...

Animated films have entertained people from all around the world for over years now. A shark leaping out of the water to attack, a humanoid swinging through the trees centuries in to the future, or a bird flying so close you can almost hear the flapping of its wings – these are a few examples of animation work seen by zillions across the globe in animation movies. What started as groups of hand-drawn pictures of cartoons about a century ago has turned into a multi-billion dollar industry that entertains and challenges us the way no artform has ever done.

Early History Of Animation
The inception of the animation dates back to 1824 when Peter Roget wrote a scientific paper on how the brain sees individual images as a continuous series of motion. This was followed by the invention of the first camera, the kinetoscope by Thomas Edison that could project 13 seconds of a film. Within a decade, photographer and owner of the Vitagraph Studios, J. Stuart Blackton made the first ever animation film with the help of a blackboard. Known as 'Humorous phases of funny faces', he drew a comic face them filmed it, stopped the camera while he erased a face and made a new face and then filmed it again. This outcome of changing faces or stop-motion became the first animated film technique.

The Silent Era
In 1910, the French caricaturist and animator Emile Cohl used paper cutouts to demonstrate an early example of animated films. His technique revolved around repositioning the figure instead of drawing it again, which was time saving. By the year 1914, Winsor McCay, also known as the father of American animation, created a cartoon named Gertie the Dinosaur, which needed thousands of individual drawings. In the same year, Earl Hurd, when working at John Bay studios, developed the technique of drawing on transparent cels and then photographed each one. This cel animation technique became the foundation of animated film making for years.

Disney's animated Cels
In 1923m Walt Disney, a commercial artist, shifted from Kansas City toLA to work as a director. Disney wanted realism in his characters and trained his animators to study anatomy to add more life to the characters. He advanced the Hurd's Cel animation technique. Images were hand drawn on transparent cels in layers, one on top of another. Background cel was kept at the bottom of the pile as each layer was filmed then removed. The process was time consuming and took weeks to generate a single sequence. It was in 1928, when Disney made its first talking animated film, “steamboat Willie”, an instant success that introduced Mickey Mouse. By 1937, Disney produced the first full length colored animated film “Snow white and the seven dwarfs”, earning an academy award, the first of 37 Oscars for Disney.

Early Computer Animation
By the year 1980, what had taken weeks to do manually was replaced by the first computer animated production system – CAPS, and by the year 1985, Disney studio adopted this computer generated process entirely. With a wider color palette and blended and shaded tones, this computer software added a more realistic appeal to the animation. Developed by Disney and Pixar artists and engineers, this program allowed camera movements such as pan, tilt and zooms as a part of entire filming process. Disney took over Pixar in 2006, replacing CAPS with newer 2D and 3D animation techniques.

CGI animation and 3D
The introduction of CGI, computer generated imagery, changed film making for good. With movies like the 'Terminator 2' and 'Jurrassic Park' in the 1990, animation marked a new epoch in the film making industry. In 1995, Walt Disney Productions and Pixar animation studios jointly produced “Toy Story', the first film to be completely animated using CGI technology. Motion capture is a technique where any movement is recorded and transferred digitally. This technique is used by the US military to create battlefield scenarios in its training. This method was first used in 2004 movie “The Polar Express” . In 2009, film “Avatar” reinvented 3D technology as the first ever movie to use performance capture imagery to produce life-like 3D characters and an entire world.

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Learning 2D Animation the Easy Way!

2010-08-15T21:35:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli explains how to learn 2D animation.
Things You'll Need:
* Tracing paper
* Digital camera or scanner
* Pencil
* Eraser
* Computer

2D animation is a time-consuming and painstaking process. A classic form of animation, 2D animation is also capable of producing some truly mind blowing outcomes. Learning and developing your won 2D animation is a simple concept to begin, yet it can take years to excel in this art completely. Each frame must be drawn in hand,and while this may look like too much work, it will add a truly unique flavor to your animation work. Upon learning the basics of the 2D animation, you can start drafting more complex animations.

2D animation reflects the movement of the object or the character. So, to begin with, draw a character in a starting pose, which will serve as as base for your next frames. A simple example of 2D animation would be to create a character who is waving. Draw the head, body, arms and legs of the character. Position the waving arm above the head with the palm open. Be sure to keep a slight bend in the elbow to make the pose look natural.

Now put a tracing paper above the drawing and copy the picture except the waving arm and the eyebrows. Then redraw the waving arm so that it is extending out diagonally. Make sure the elbow remains completely straight. Redraw the eyebrows tilting inwards slightly towards each other. This will add some slight movement in the drawing, so it doesn't appear that the arm's the only section being animated.

Next, trace over the picture again except the waving arm and the eyebrows. This time, redraw the waving arm so that it's now pointing straight up. Make sure to take a slight bend in the elbow, but not as much as you gave in Step 1. Draw the eyebrows tilting almost diagonally down. This will reflect a slight effort in the character's face from waving.

Redo steps 1 to 3 until you think that the character has waved for long enough. Take individual digital photos of all your drawings, and import the pictures in your computer. Through a computer program like iMovie or Movie Magic, you may string a series of pictures together in sequence to create an animation effect.

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Tej Kohli explains 2D Animation Software for Beginners

2010-08-09T02:14:00.000-07:00

In the previous post, Tej Kohli discussed about the various 2D animation tools available for professionals online. Today, Tej Kohli will talk about most useful 2D animation software for 'Beginners'.

A 2D animation programs is the one that allows you to create moving 2D images on a desktop or other output media. These softwares are nothing but a specialized painting or drawing programs that allows the movement of pictures along the two dimensions of the screen, besides an additional dimension of time.

Frames and Keyframes

Any picture made with 2D animation software is called a frame, which are similar to the frames of a traditional animated movies. Artists paint a series of virtual frames to create a movie. Each frame displays graphical objects that represents characters or scenery. There is a very slight movement in the characters as they move from one frame to the next. This movement creates the illusion of motion when the frames are shown quickly in sequence.

Every animation program has playback tools which are used to view this sequence of frames. Most animation software will also let you export the movie to a popular format like AVI or Quicktime.

2D animation software saves you time by computing frames. In these programs, only those frames where a new action begin or ends are drawn rather than every frame. Such frames are called keyframes. The calculations a software use to compute the frames in between the keyframes is called interpolation.

Based on the type of motion to be interpolated, key frames can be divided into various categories. While the translation keyframes are for movement of a graphical object, scaling keyframes allows you to resize objects. Rotation keyframe allows for the circular movement of an object around a specific point.

Curve Editors

the curve editors display curves that reflects the motion of a graphical object. The animation can be changed by reshaping the curves rather than objects. One of the main advantage of curve editors is that you are able to see every motion frame at once, instead of single frame at a time.

Horizontal Graphs

It displays the increasing numbers along its left side to show various horizontal positions of the object. The center of the graph displays the curve itself and for right-to-left moving ball, this curve will represent a line starting from the upper left of the screen, and moving to the lower right of the screen.

Vertical Graphs

The vertical graph is similar to the horizontal graph, except the graph's left side will display vertical values for the ball's position. This means a line will run across the lower left of the screen and move to the upper right.

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Tej Kohli's Best 2D Animation Tools

2010-08-02T03:19:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli Animation blog - your reservoir of animation and everything related to it!

While there is no denial that 3D animation has taken the animation industry by storm, there are still a plenty of traditionalists who believe that 2D animation is better that its contemporary counterpart. No matter if you believe that strongly, or you're just a novice who is trying to carve his niche is the animation industry, 2D animation is your first step towards becoming a professional animator. There are a variety of 2D animation tools available out there, even online. You can also access them for free and hone your 2D animation skills.

Pencil – This is perhaps the first thing an artist shall befriend with. Not only in real life but also virtually. Pencil is a free animation program that allow users to create 2D images using both bitmap and vector graphics. Although this programs doesn't not feature all the features that a professional 2D animation program has, but as a free program, it lets users create hand-drawn-like animations.

DigiCel FlipBook – This is an extremely useful program that helps at every stage of animation process – from the lip-syncing and creating storyboards to the raw and refined animation, all the way to the final product. Equally great for amateurs and professionals, this program helps you create feature-length animations. Use hand-drawn pictures or create them on the computer itself. You can also add a variety of effects, like zooms and dissolves to give your work a professional look.

Plastic Animation Paper – This program is available in three versions, and each of them differ in price and tools they feature. The free version is very basic but looks great if you're fond of 2D animation, and is ideal for an amateur. The home edition, which comes at $99, has some extra tools that adds a professional appeal to your animation. Using the home edition, you can make animations for YouTube or your own website. And lastly, the professional version, which is tagged at $695. This is capable of making feature-length animation and is perfect for a studio team.

Stickman and Elemento – This is a basic program with few buttons and features and allow students to expand their knowledge about the animation process. Draw in the program or import images like JPEG or Photoshop. While it's not a fully-featured software, but is ideal for younger students to help them harness their creativity.

Monkey Jam – A freeware animation, Monkey Jam is a wonderful intermediate program that allows you to create your own personal animations. Animate or separate layers to facilitate animation process, and use keyboard shortcuts to alter image duration, which works great while testing the speed of animation.

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Tej Kohli - Difference in 2D and 3D animation

2010-07-26T23:52:00.000-07:00

In the previous post, Tej Kohli outlined the basic difference between 2D and 3D animation, particularly in terms of definition, limitations and how they compliment each other. Today, we will dig this topic a little deeper.

Differences in 2D and 3D animation

2D and 3D animation differs from each other in a variety of aspects. 2D animation is an art form that gained immense popularity after zoetrope and flipbooks were introduced, and was later processed by the likes of Walt Disney. However, the advancement in computer technology added another dimension to 2D animation and led to the rise of 3D animation. Today 3D animation is commonly used for creating special effects in movies. Although both are the two different branches of animation, both may differ significantly in terms of their capabilities and creation process.

Creation Process

All 3D animation is computer generated and is created using software like 3D Studio Max or Light Wave 3D. Though 2D animation can also be generated of a computer using programs like Adobe Flash, it can also be rendered in hand on a paper-pad using pencil or pen. In 2D animation, artists draw individual images on each page, which when flipped creates an effect of movement.

Movement

In 2D animation, objects can only move horizontally axis along X axis for creating forward or backward motion, and a vertically along Y axis for stimulating an up and down movement. 3D animation allow objects to move closer of farther away from the viewer, moving along the third Z axis. To make an object appear closer in 3D animation, the object must be drawn large so as to create such an effect.

Objects

All objects in 2D animation look flat, just like in a photograph or painting. For example, if we look at the facade of a building in a 2D animation, that's the only part of the building that is visible on paper. 3D animation, however, shows objects in sculpture form. You can view the front, back, top, bottom of the building.

Camera

3D animation software have a virtual camera, which is a part of the animation process. This virtual camera is similar to a real camera with features like focal length. What's more, this camera moves in the same fashion as an actual movie camera, and include features like zoom, pan and dolly. 2D animation does not require such an advanced technology.

Lighting

3D animation programs also have virtual light that can imitate light bulbs, spotlights, or even sunlight. Besides, they are also use multiple light sources or colored lights to add several special effects. If you make an object pass in front of these lights, they can also cast real shadows on other objects in your composition. In 2D animation, you have to draw shadows by hand.

Realism

Through the use of realistic textures and 3D objects, 3D Animation help animators create scenes that are virtually identical to real life. But in 2D animation, even the highest quality animation has a cartoon-like, hand drawn look.

Rotoscoping and Motion Capture

To ease some pressure off the animation process, 3D animation may use a process called motion capture. Motion capture is a process that involve an actor wearing s special suit with lots of points on it. Now, as the actor moves, the camera uses these points as reference for animating a 3D character. A few points may also be used on actor's face to record facial expressions and lip-movement for dialogues. In 2D animation, there is no such thing as motion capture, however, it uses a similar process known as rotoscoping, which involves tracing over live footage of actors frame by frame to help generate the animation.

Special Effects

In 2D animation special effects like smoke, fir, moving water and explosions must be arduously drawn for each frame. In 3D animation you can use plugins or exclusive filters to create such effects, which automatically generates the effects after you indicate certain parameters.

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2D Animation Versus 3D Animation - Tej Kohli

2010-07-22T00:42:00.000-07:00

In present times when many well known Hollywood directors are choosing animation over live action, the future of this evolving art form looks promising and is here to stay. While the world of 3D animation is continually evolving, there are areas where 2D animation is still being done. The aim of the article is not to establish which one is better than the other, but to demonstrate what each type of animation adds to a project.

2D animation
To create a 2D animation, the artist make use of bitmap images that consists of colored blocks. These colored blocks, when placed side by side, creates an image or graphic.

3D animation
3D animation use computer generated lines, solids and surfaces to construct a 3-dimensional look. The finished product is a picture with visibly noticeable depth and spacial understanding, which is less prominent in a 2D image.

Limitations of 2D
In 2D animation, only one angle or side of a picture is visible at a time, rendering the image a flat appearance.

Limitations of 3D
The expertise needed to create 3D animation is much more difficult to learn as compared to those needed in 2D animation. Furthermore, the cost of producing a 3D image is more than 2D.

The Conclusion
Today, animators are using both 3D and 2D techniques to create several animation projects. Both 3D and 2D animations have been artistically merged together to become the benchmark that many animated projects will follow.

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Tej Kohli Animation Glossary V to Z

2010-07-14T03:42:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli animation career blog brings you the final series of Animation Glossary containing words from V to Z.

Vertex See: Point.

Viewport : The region of the interface of a 3D software package in which the scene is displayed to the artist.

Volumetrics : Volumetric lights are lights whose illumination can be observed throughout a volume of space, rather than simply where the light strikes a surface. In similar fashion, volumetric textures are textures applied throughout a volume of space, rather than to a surface.

Walk Cycle : A short sequence of animation containing the keyframes necessary to make a bipedal character take two consecutive steps. The sequence may then be repeated over and over again to animate the character walking forward. Walk cycles may be modified in many subtle ways to suggest information about a character’s age, gender, emotional state or personality.

Weighting : The process of determining which bone in a skeleton affects which part of a model’s surface mesh. In many cases, this is achieved by painting weight maps onto the surface of the model that delineate a particular bone’s area of influence.

Wireframe : A shading method in which a simple grid of lines is used to represent the basic contours of the underlying model. For many 3D artists, this is a favoured mode to work in, since it permits them to see faces and surfaces that would otherwise be hidden by overlying geometry.

World axes: See: Co-ordinate systems.

Z-depth : The distance a particular point or surface lies inside a scene. Z-depth information is used to calculate where a light casts shadows, and also to calculate which surfaces are visible to the camera during rendering, and which are obscured by nearer geometry.

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Animation Glossary - T and U

2010-05-24T02:34:00.001-07:00

Tej Kohli animation glossary, words starting with T and U.

Texture : A bitmap image that is applied to the surface of 3D object to give it detail. Texture maps may be either photographic images or procedural textures, and may be applied in each of the material channels of an object using a variety of mapping or projection methods.

Three-Point Lighting : A system of CG lighting derived from real-world cinematography, in which a scene is illuminated by three light sources: a Key light, which acts as the primary source of illumination for the scene; a Fill light, which illuminates shadow areas; and a Rim light, which illuminates the edges of objects and helps them stand out from the background.

Tiling : The process of duplicating a texture across the surface of an object. Tiling textures must be created so that the edge of one aligns perfectly with that of its neighbour, otherwise the result is a series of ugly seams. Highfrequency textures are those in which patterns repeat at short intervals over an object’s surface; low-frequency textures are those in which the intervals are larger.

Timeline : A fundamental element of the graphical user interface of most modern 3D software packages which shows the timing of the keyframes in a sequence of animation. Playback of the animation may be controlled either by a series of VCR-like controls, or by clicking and dragging with the mouse to ‘scrub’ a slider to and fro along the timeline.

Trimming : The process by which NURBS surfaces are edited. The trimming tools allow 3D artists to define areas on a NURBS surface that will be made invisible and not render out, even though their CVs still exist. Separate trimmed surfaces may be joined together by using a variety of techniques, including Attaching, Aligning, Filleting and Stitching.

UV Texture Co-ordinates : The co-ordinate system used for assigning textures to polygonal models. Since UV co-ordinate space is two-dimensional, one of several projection methods must be used to ‘unwrap’ the UVs from the model and lay them flat on a plane. Once unwrapped, the UV map may be screengrabbed and exported to a paint package for texture painting.

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Animation Glossary - S

2010-05-02T22:06:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli Animation Glossary - Words begining with 'S'

Scene : A set of 3D objects, including the models themselves and the lights and camera that will be used when rendering them out.

Scene file See : File format.
Script : A small piece of code created in a 3D software package’s own internal programming language, and used to automate common or complex tasks.

Shading : The mathematical process of calculating how a model’s surfaces react to light. A variety of alternative algorithms can be used for the task, including Phong, Lambert, and Blinn shading models. Shaders are often built up as node-based shading trees, with each node controlling a specific aspect of the process.

Skinning : The process of binding the surface of a model to the underlying skeleton during character rigging.

Skeleton : An underlying network of bones used to define and control the motion of a model during character animation. Moving a bone causes the mesh of the model to move and deform.

Snapping : The automatic alignment of one object to another or to a reference grid, intended to aid the precise placement of objects within a scene or modelling hierarchy.

Soft-Body Dynamics : The simulation of the behaviour of soft bodies that deform on collision with other objects, such as cloth or fluid flows.

Specularity : A surface property of an object that determines the way in which highlights appear on that surface.

Spline See: NURBS.

Subdivision Surface : Also known as Sub-Ds, subdivision surfaces are surfaces created using a technique midway between polygon and NURBS modelling. They consist of an underlying polygonal base mesh, which is automatically subdivided by the software to create a smoothed final form. Sub-Ds combine much of the power of NURBS surfaces with the intuitive characteristics and ease of use of polygonal modelling tools.

Sweep : A modelling technique similar to extrusion in which a twodimensional profile is replicated along a path, then joined to form a continuous three-dimensional surface. Unlike extrusion, however, this path need not be perpendicular to the profile. By sweeping a circular profile along a helical path, for example, it would be possible to model a coiled cable of the type commonly found on telephones.

Symmetry : A modelling option in which any changes made to the model are duplicated across an axis of reflectional symmetry. This makes it possible to create complex symmetrical objects, such as a human or animal head, without having to work directly on more than one half of the model.

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Animation Glossary - Q and R

2010-04-29T23:15:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli Animation Glossary - words starting with Q and R

Quad view : A method of displaying 3D scenes adopted by many high-end software applications, in which a scene is shown simultaneously in Top, Side, Front and Perspective views.

Radiosity : A technique for rendering 3D scenes. Radiosity simulates the way in which light bounces from surface to surface within a scene, and is more accurate, but also more processor-intensive, than raytracing.

Raytracing : A technique for rendering 3D scenes. Raytracing traces the path of every ray of light from its source until it either leaves the scene or becomes too weak to have an effect. The term is also sometimes applied to the reverse method: tracing the path of every ray of light from the camera backwards to the light source.

Reflection Map : An environment map used to simulate real-world reflection effects on the surface of a 3D object. Reflection maps render more quickly than methods that generate true surface reflections, such as raytracing.

Rendering : The process of converting the 3D data stored in a software package into the two-dimensional image ‘seen’ by the camera within the scene. Rendering brings together the scene geometry, Z-depth, surface properties, lighting set-up and rendering method to create a finished frame. Rendering comes in two forms: Display or Hardware rendering, used to display the scene on-screen in the software package’s viewports; and the more process or intensive Final-quality or Software rendering, which generates an image for output, and takes account of properties that Display renderingoverlooks, such as shadows, reflections and post-process effects.

Resolution : The size of the final image in pixels when rendering out a scene. Higherresolution renders contain more detail, but take longer to complete.

Rigging : The process of preparing a character model for animation, including setting up an underlying skeleton, complete with constraints, controllers and kinematic systems, and linking it to the mesh of the character model.

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Animation Glossary : O and P

2010-04-21T03:16:00.000-07:00

Welcome to Tej Kohli Animation Glossary
Object
A generic term describing any item that can be inserted into and manipulated within a 3D scene. Models, lights, particle emitters and cameras are all objects.

Object file See: File format.

Origin See: Co-ordinate System, Axis.

Parent See: Hierarchy.

Patch
An area of a NURBS surface enclosed by a span square: the shape created by the intersection of four isoparms, two in the U direction, and two in the V direction.

Particle System
An animation system consisting of a large number of very small points whose behaviour is determined mathematically. A particle system typically consists of an emitter (which may be a point, surface or volume, and may emit particles directionally or in all directions) and a series of fields that determine the motion of those particles. Individual particles have a finite lifespan, and may possess attributes (such as colour, radius, and opacity) that vary over the course of that lifespan. Particle effects are commonly used to simulate fire, smoke, steam and other fluids, or to control complex animations such as crowd scenes.

Phong See: Shading.

Photogrammetry
Also known as image-based modelling, photogrammetry is the process of generating a fully textured 3D model from a series of photographs of a real object. Although it was once an expensive high-end technique, there is now a range of increasingly inexpensive photogrammetry software packages on the market.

Plane
A two-dimensional surface in Cartesian co-ordinate space. Essentially a flat sheet extending infinitely in all directions, a plane may be used to aid object manipulation, positioning and construction, and is not usually made visible in a final render.

Plugin
A small piece of third-party software that is loaded into a 3D application in order to extend its functionality. Plugins commonly perform such specialist tasks as file conversion or data export, texture generation, and physics or fluid simulation. There are thousands of plugins currently available on the Internet, both commercially and as free downloads.

Point
A one-dimensional point in coordinate space. Points can be linked up to form polygons, used as control
vertices for NURBS curves, or employed as nulls to control lights or cameras, amongst other functions.

Polygon
A geometry element formed by connecting three or more points. A triangle, or three-point polygon, is the simplest form of polygonal geometry. Polygonal modelling is a fast, intuitive method of creating 3D objects, but does not easily generate smooth curved surfaces.

Post Processing
The manipulation of a rendered image, either to improve the quality of that image, or to create effects that cannot easily be achieved directly within the 3D software itself. Some 3D software packages can be set to automatically apply post-processing effects, such as motion blur or Depth of Field, after a frame is rendered.

Preset
A pre-generated list of settings for a particular 3D software package. Presets are usually used to control and customise properties such as rendering or lighting styles. Like plugins, they may either be commercial products, or freely downloadable from the Internet.

Preview
A time-saving method of checking the progress of a project by rendering it at a lower quality, resolution or frame rate than will be used for the final project.

Primitive
A simple three-dimensional form used as the basis for constructive solid geometry modelling techniques. Typical primitives include the plane, the cube, the sphere, the cone and the torus.

Procedural Texture
A texture map that is generated by a mathematical function, rather than a real-world bitmap image projected over the surface of an object.

ProjectionThe process by which a twodimensional texture map is applied over the surface of a threedimensional object, as if it were an image projected from a slide projector. There are several common projection types, including Planar, Cubic, Spherical and Cylindrical. Which one is most appropriate depends on the type of map being projected, and the shape of the object it is being projected upon.

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Animation Glossary : N

2010-01-27T21:33:00.000-08:00

Learn the animation words begining with 'N' at Tej Kohli Animation Career Blog.

Negative Light
A light within a 3D scene that decreases the illumination on a surface instead of adding to it. Negative lights can be used to remove ‘overspill’ in brightly lit scenes.

Normal
An imaginary line drawn from the centre of a polygon (or other geometry object) at right angles to the surface.

Null
A point within a 3D scene that does not render out, but which is used as a reference for other objects.

NURBS
Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines. NURBS curves are two-dimensional curves whose shape is determined by a series of control points or CVs between which they pass. When a series of such curves are joined together, they form a threedimensional NURBS surface. Such surfaces have a separate co-ordinate space (known as UV co-ordinate space) to that of the 3D scene in which they are situated. NURBS are commonly used to model organic curved-surface objects.

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3D Animation Glossary : M

2010-01-22T00:58:00.000-08:00

Learn 3D animation Vocabulary at Tej Kohli Animation Blog. Given below is the list of all the words starting with M.

Match-moving (Same as Camera Tracking)

Camera tracking is the process of ‘extracting’ the motion of the camera in space from a piece of live-action footage. This motion data can then be imported into a 3D software package and used to animate the virtual camera, in order to better match the rendered output to that of the source footage during the
compositing process.

Material

A set of mathematical attributes that determine the ways in which the surface of a model to which they are applied reacts to light. These attributes are sub-divided into individual channels.

Mask

An area that can be protected and isolated from changes applied to the rest of the image.

Mesh

The surface geometry of a 3D model, made up of a series of linked geometry elements such as polygons, patches or NURBS surfaces.

Metaball Modelling

A technique in which models are created using spheres (or, more rarely, other primitive objects) that attract and cling to each other according to their proximity to one another and their field of influence. Metaball modelling is particularly useful for creating organic objects.

Model

Used as a verb, to model means to build a 3D object. Used as a noun, it means the 3D object created as the end product of the modelling process. A variety of different methods are used in 3D modelling, including polygonal, NURBS, Sub-D and metaball techniques.

Modifier
Same as Deformer
Usually: a modelling tool which deforms the structure of an entire object. However, the exact meaning of the term varies from software package to software package.

Morph
To transform from one state to another. Morphing is commonly used in lip-synching, in order to transform the head model of a character between a variety of preset states (or ‘morph targets’),
corresponding to common facial expressions, in order to create the illusion of speech.

Motion Blur
An artefact of real-world cinematography in which the camera’s target object is moving too quickly for the camera to record accurately, and therefore appears blurred. Many 3D software packages simulate motion blur as a rendering effect, in order to increase the realism of 3D images or animation.

Motion Capture
Often abbreviated to mo-cap, motion capture is the process of recording the movements of a live actor, and converting them to a 3D data format which can then be applied to a virtual character.

Multi-pass Rendering
To render out the lighting or surface attributes of a scene as separate images, with a view to compositing them together later. Multi-pass rendering can be used simply to speed up the rendering process, or in order to develop the look of a scene by compositing the different passes together in various permutations.

Tej Kohli's 3D Animation Glossary - J, K and L

2010-01-14T23:17:00.000-08:00

Check out Tej Kohli's animation glossary for the alphabets J,K and L. Tej Kohli blog brings you a comrehensive list of animation related words, to help you improve your vocabulary.

Joints
Points of articulation between the bones in a character rig.

Keyframe
An image, or set of attributes for a 3D scene, used as a reference point in animation. The artist usually sets up keyframes manually at significant points in the action, and the computer calculates the in between values automatically.

Lathing
A modelling technique in which a two-dimensional profile is duplicated in rotation around a reference axis, and the duplicates joined up to create a continuous three-dimensional surface. Lathing is particularly useful for creating objects with rotational axes of symmetry, such as plates, glasses, vases or wheels.

Layer
A level of an image that can be edited independently of the rest of the image.

Lens
In a real camera, a lens is a curved piece of glass or other transparent material that focuses light onto the film. Modern 3D software is capable of simulating a variety of optical distortions created by imperfections in real-world lenses, adding realism to the rendered output.

Lens Flare
A bright pattern on an image caused by the reflection and refraction of light within a camera. Although lens flares are actually artefacts of the photographic process, many 3D software packages offer artists the opportunity to add them deliberately in order to increase the realism of rendered output.

Light
A point or volume that emits light onto a 3D object. Types of light supported within 3D packages include Point lights, which emit light in all directions from a single point; Spot lights, which emit light in a cone; Distant or Directional lights, which emit light rays in parallel, illuminating all surfaces within a scene; and Area lights, which emit light from two-dimensional surfaces.

Lip Synching
The process of matching a character’s facial movements to a spoken soundtrack during facial animation.

Lofting
A modelling technique in which a continuous three-dimensional surface is created by selecting and
joining multiple two-dimensional cross sections or profiles.

Look Development
The process of developing the look of a 3D scene by compositing separate render passes together in
different permutations.

Low-Poly Modelling
The process of creating simplified models with low polygon counts, usually for use in videogames, where scenes must be rendered in real time, by software with a limited ability to handle complex models.

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3D Animation Glossary : J

2009-12-28T21:13:00.000-08:00

Tej Kohli Animation Blog brings you a comprehensive animation glossary in both 2d and 3d animation. If you want to take up animation as career, you must know all the basic terms related to 2d and 3d animation. So, increase your animation vocabulary with Tej Kohli's animation glossary. Check out the list of words starting with 'J'.

Jitter
an image that shakes or fluctuates rapidly is said to jitter

Joints
Points of articulation between the bones in a character rig.

Juxtaposition
The intercutting of two contrasting subject to point out the symbolic irony.

Jump Cut:
A jump cut is a jerky cut between two scenes. Generally, a jump cut is not good visually. It is generally caused by two scenes ending and starting with similar image. The lack of difference causes the eye to see a little jump between the two scenes.

JPEG
bitmap file type that uses lossy compression. File extension names:
JPG JPEG JPE

JPEG2000
a newer type of jpeg file. Uses superior compression method plus lossless compression. Can have alpha channel. File extension names:
JP2 JPC J2K JPF

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3D Animation Glossary : I

2008-08-21T22:32:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli says that person have to fight in right direction and also have to use latest news , updates knowledge about that field in which they want to make their career . Sometimes Tej kohli that people taking good training but unable to get job profile or even work .
Lets keep your Knowledge up with Tej Kohli 3D Animation Glossary , words starting with Letter ‘I”
Image-Based Lighting : While we are creating real time lighting effects to control the surface illumination of 3D object , a technique is used to map the reference image to environment image which is called as Image Based Lightening.
In-betweening : While an artists generating two keyframes , then he has to generate intermediate transitions between two . Which is drawn from traditional cel animation , in which artist have to make start and end keyframs of a sequence (typically one second apart), a breakdown artist does the breakdowns (typically four frames apart), and an ‘in-between’ completes the rest.

Interpolation : While 3D software packages calculating in between positions between two keyframs a mathematical procedure is used is called Interpolation .
Inverse Kinematics : Often abbreviated to IK, Inverse Kinematics is a character animationtechnique in which the end bone of a chain - for example, a limb – is assigned a goal object. When the goal object moves, the bone moves with it, dragging the rest of the chain behind it. The movement propagates from the free end of the chain towards the fixed point: the reverse of Forward Kinematics.

Isoparm : Lines on a NURBS surface connecting points of constant U or V co-ordinate
values, and representing crosssections of the NURBS surface in the U or V directions.
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3D Animation Glossary : H

2008-07-31T01:49:00.000-07:00

Tej kohli want to make young generation to choose their own way and having skills which according to market needs and requirement. Tej Kohli 3D animation glossary brings some technical terms which starts with word H.
Hard-Body Dynamics : Basically it has many meaning and know as many other words like some times pounced as rigid-body dynamics , hard body dynamics which can be used to simulate the
physical behaviour of rigid objects that do not deform upon collision.
Hardware Rendering : Sometimes called as display rendering , a 3D scene within the viewports on a 3D software which is basically hardware rendering preview. Which used for providing real time on-screen feedback about the effects of changes makes to the scene and omit processor intensive effects like volumetrics, shadowing and realistic refraction.
HDRI : Basically HDRI stands for ‘High Dynamic Range Image ‘ and which is a 2D image which used in a file format with greater range of luminance values which is greater than a standard Bitmap image HDR images are often used as environment maps in image-based lighting techniques to create subtle, real-world lighting effects.
Hierarchy : When we describe a model then the relationship between sub-objects , as like one scene to another scene . Existence of any sub-objects classifies as parents , children or even independents . There are motion in such a way that parents objects can effect child objects but child effects cannot affect parent objects.
History : While an 3D scene is created many object values had been changed as a record of the previous values of the object had saved and enable user to get previous view of the scene . This is called 3D animation objects history and most valuable during modeling process.
Hull : A series of straight lines connecting the CVs of a NURBS surface.
HDR/Rendering/HDRR: Also know as ‘High Dynamic Range ‘which is using for rendering 3D compute graphics scene by using lightning calculations done in high definition range . Basically it is new lighting model used to illuminate 3D worlds. Video and computer games and many animation movies for creating more realistic scenes than with conventional lighting models.
Heightmap : For three-dimensional data , grayscale image is used . Mostly used in bump mapping , displacement mapping and for for terrain mesh generation. . In a heightmap, the intensity of a pixel's color represents the height displacement of the mesh's corresponding coordinate. A white pixel represents the highest point in the map while a black pixel marks the lowest point in the map.
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3D Animation Glossary : G

2008-07-22T03:50:00.000-07:00

Tej kohli finds that animation now growing its feather and proving much of opportunity for every age person. Tej Kohli 3D Animation Glossary now defines words starts with word ‘G’.

Global Illumination : It be radiosity or even ray tracing rendering techniques in wider sense . Basically it is a measurement for computing the all possible light interaction between surface while a scene is made for making true image which seems to be real time images . For this combination of all diffuse and specular reflection are used. For Global Illumination simulation many effects like that color bleeding caustics are also included.
Graph Editor : While we design an object in an imaging , many times shapes , shades and color of objects need to be changed . Making an object and for setting through various scene requires various attributes of objects be changed according to time while displayed graphically , in the form of F-Curve . For this special software are attached with GUI which are known as Graph Editor
Grime Map : Also known as ‘dirt maps’, grime maps are two-dimensional images applied to a particular channel of a material. When the image is projected across the surface of an object, it breaks up that channel’s flat, even value, creating realistic surface variations.
Group: A set of sub-objects within a model or scene that move and behave as a single entity, yet can still be split apart (ungrouped), if necessary. Most complicated models are constructed from several less complex parts that need to maintain the same spacing and orientation; grouping provides a way of locking the relative positions of the objects without joining them permanently.
GUI: Graphical User Interface. An iconbased interface that controls a 3D software package. Although the GUI varies from program to program, there are certain basic conventions
governing the layout of the main professional 3D applications.
Global illumination:
Family of algorithms wich, when determining the light falling on a surface, take into account not only the light which has taken a path directly from a light source (direct illumination), but also light which has undergone reflection from other surfaces in the world (indirect illumination).
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3D Animation Glossary : F

2008-07-17T00:24:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli defines 3D animations mostly used technical terms which are started with Word ‘F’. Comprehensive guide for making career in 3D animation by Tej Kohli.

Face: The face usually defined as back and front of extruded object. Basically object which is used to make an 3D extruded object.
Fall-off : Basically it cab be di\fibed as diminishes of light intensity while the distance increase from the source . In matically its can be calculated inverse square law .that states “intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.” But while we are considering 3D animation Fall-Off we have to do different type of calculations .

F-Curve : It’s an abbreviation of Function curve which is displayed in the Graph editor of 3D Software package which is used in animation process in many times like display and to control a particular attribute of an object with in different time frame
File Format : 3D object scene or or data making up in which format is stored are called File format . Basically now a day s only two types of 3D file format are available for storing object ,
like LWO which is also known as LightWave and the next one is 3DS format in 3ds max , containing geometry details and object surface properties. LWS and MAX are basically equivalents, because both contain global information about lighting animation and camera data .Some other widely used 3D Animation file format are DXF and IGES which are used in CAD and NURBS models .OBJ object format and cross platform FBX format developed by Kaydara for the interchange of motion data between 3D applications.
Flythrough : It is special type of animation in which camera moves around the scene, usually objects moving infront of stationary camera.
Forward Kinematics: It is also known as FK , which is character animation techniques used for controlling motion of bones in a chain , lets imagine a limb , for that rotation propagate from bone to bone towards the free end of the chain.
Frame: Frame is basically are two dimensional image , but while we are discussing in computer term . its be nothing but be ‘frames per second’ (fps) which measurement of number of images which be displayed per second to give the impression of moving image .Some features of Frames are film work, this value is usually 24; for the European PAL broadcast format, 25; and for the US NTSC broadcast format, 30 fps.

F-Stop The common term for the aperture setting (f-number) of a lens; the f-number is equal to the focal length of a lens divided by the diameter of the aperture
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3D Animation Glossary : E

2008-07-02T23:29:00.000-07:00

Tej kohli animation glossary now define different definition which starts with letter “E”. According to Tej Kohli yet another terms exist that starts with ‘E’ but mostly used in 2-D animation . So here Tej Kohli choose only those which mostly used in 3-D animation.

Environment Map: While an image going to be implemented on computer. Some backgrounds or even real world lighting is used for making image more real and attractive that can be visible through every angle very sharp and clear. The whole projection which enclosed with scene known as Environment Map.
Expression: While an image built different formula is used for making this image through different angle, means mathematical which is used for calculating attribute of an object while the movement is concerns in keyframe animation also known as procedural alternatives.
Extrusion: It is basically a process of designing three dimension surface , in which two-dimensional outline or profile is duplicated outwards along a linear path, and the set of duplicated
Profiles joined to create a continuous three-dimensional surface.
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3D Animation Glossary : D

2008-06-23T00:48:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli Animation career help brings letter D for define.Lets See Tej Kohli 3D animation glossary.

Deformer: It is a modeling tool which is basically used for deforming the structure of an entire object , but the actually means can be vary software to software packages.
Displacement Map : Black and white image which 3D software packages projects on model surface for generating surface details like that Bump Mapping , but the noticeable difference between Bump and Displacement Map is that its modifies the actual underlying geometry and is not merely a rendering effect.
DOF(Depth of Field) : It’s a specific lens range of acceptable focus behind and in front of primary focus setting .It is basically a function which measure distance between from the lens to the primary focal plane and of the chosen aperture. Big apertures having narrow depth and small aperture have big depth.
Decal : Also known as Texture basically are 2D pixels image stamped on the surface of 3D patches which add reality into models .Some example of Decal are color, Bump, transparency, reflectivity, diffuse, specular, ambiance, mirror, gradient and Cookie Cut.
Basically decal defines how A:M interprets the pixel information in the image.
Default Bone : Each and every model consist one bone which is default ‘Model Bone’ unless and unit you will not add any other new bone. Default bone defines the ‘origin’ or ‘zero-position’ of the model when we work in Choreography.
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3D Animation Glossary : C -II

2008-06-10T22:22:00.000-07:00

Tej Kohli giving some useful abbreviation that start with capital 'C' and widely used in animation.

CGI : Its stands for “Computer Generated Imagery” . With the use of computer software and technology or even we can say images generated by computer aid are known as CGI. Many persons are in believes that CGI is only related to 3D animation, but in reality it is widely applicable in various point.
Channel : Channel has different means in different terms , while we discussing Two-dimensional image , it refer to be a sub-image composed only of the values fro a single component of a given pixel. Different type if image color system has different channel like grayscale has only one color , RGB has three color and CMYK has four color .For the material object its applies to be one particular subset of the properties which determines the way in which a surface reacts to light, including colour, reflectivity, transparency, diffusion, specularity and bump.
Character Animation : Animation sub area which deals with the simulation of living obejects varied movements. Before making the object model move an underlying skeleton , constraints and controller must be set which called rigging process.
Colour Bleeding : Transferring of color of one object color to neighboring object because of light bouncing from one surface to other. For example caustics, colour bleeding is a complex real-world lighting effect, and one that rendering software has only recently become able to simulate accurately.
Colour Space : Mathematical calculation for defining way of color representation in an image . Some common and well known color spaces includes are RGB (Red , Green , Blue ) having 24bit depth and mostly used in broadcasting applications. Little known but widely used color schema is CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) having 32 bit depth and mostly used in print illustration work .
Compositing : Process of combining multiple image into one image . Mostly used in film for
Making live actor with computer generated background reverse also true. Also used for multi-pass rendering to combine the various render passes in different ways to control the look of a scene.
Compression : Process of reducing quantity of data in the making of an image . Compression is very affective tool but its can de be non-destructive (‘lossless’) or destructive (‘lossy’), in which data set is discarded permanently. For example converting still image into JPEG.
Constrain : To restrict the motion of an object to one or two planes, or to a certain range of values within a plane, in order to simplify the process of animation. Constraints are commonly imposed on joints within a skeleton during the process of rigging a character for animation, in
order to prevent that character from performing actions that would be physically impossible.
Constructive Solid Geometry : A modeling technique that combines simple solid forms, or
primitives, into more complex models, by means of Boolean operations. Common primitives
include the plane, the cube, the sphere, the cone and the torus.
Co-ordinate System : A set of numerical values used to denote a location in 3D space. In the
Cartesian co-ordinate system, three orthogonal ‘world axes’ (the X, Y and Z axes) are used to define the position of a point relative to the intersection of these axes, or origin. Other co-ordinate systems can be used for modeling and texture projection.
CV : Control Vertex. A control point used to manipulate the shape of a NUBS curve.
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3D Animation Glossary : C (Part-1)

2008-06-02T02:10:00.000-07:00

CAD : CAD stands fro Computer Added Design basically its considered as computer based models of objects for visualization or testing as an aid in the design process. In reality CAD is combination of most sophisticated and precise real-world measuring tools which are more functional then other 3D PACKAGES? but they don’t have surfacing and animation feature .
Camera : 3D space virtual viewpoint which can posses both direction and position. If we talk in 3D term logy camera is nothing but it represent viewers eye. While scene is rendered at final quality then its can better estimated by camera not by any software. Making the artist to view th objects at various angel to decide which one is better for scene.
Camera Mapping: Camera matching is a technique by which geometry matching the size and perspective of objects shown within a still image is constructed and original image mapped back onto those objects those objects. But it permit only limited movement and only giving an illusion
Camera Move: Movement of virtual camera within 3D software packages which just similar to real world in cinematography. Some possible moves are dollying in which camera move towards and away from any objects with a fixed angles. Panning in which camera position remains fixed, but the camera tilts or swivels in any direction to follow the action; and tracking, in which the camera moves in a single plane at right angles to the area of interest.
Camera Path: This can be described as camera virtual path which any camera takes during making the animation process.
Camera Tracking: Which is also known as match moving which is process of ‘extracting ‘ the motion of the camera in space from a piece of live-action footage. Such motion can be imported into 3D software packages and used to animate virtual camera for best match the rendered output to that of the source footage during the composition process .
Caustics : Patches of intense illumination caused by the refraction of light through a ransparent object or the reflection of light from a reflective surface. One common example would be the shifting patterns of light and shade cast on the floor of a swimming pool on a sunny day. Rendering software has only recently become sophisticated enough to mimic such complex real-world lighting effects as caustics.
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3D Animation Glossary : B

2008-05-25T21:49:00.000-07:00

Beauty Pass : Beauty pass is one the scene that features most significant information about objects , when rendering multiple passes of the scene. It contain main full-coloring
rendering of those objects, including diffuse illumination and does not having any significance with reflections, highlights, and shadows, which are usually separate passes.
Bit Depth: Bit is the smallest unit for storing object in memory , A 1 bit image is Black and white , 8 bit image provide 256 color palette, 24-Bit provides 16.7 million color that also called true color . A 32-bit image provides the same palette, plus an 8-bit greyscale alpha channel. So Bit Depth is nothing but “number of bits used to define shade or color of each pixel with in an image.
Bitmap : An image arranged accordingly to bit location in columns. Resolution of a PostScript file processed through a RIP will have a bitmap image with the characteristics and resolution of the particular output device (for example, laser printer at 300 upto 1200dpi, imagesetters at 1270dpi upto 5080dpi).
Blinn :Shading.
Blue screen Footage :Its can be defined as live footage shot against with single backdrop color (either green or blue) with a view to composition it into computer generated background. Every pixel with the same color value as the backdrop is replaced by CG image.
Bone: Rigid object similar to real bone which is placed inside the ‘skeleton’ of
a character during the process of rigging it for animation Bone movement acts upon the mesh
of the character model, deforming it.

Boolean : In the animation terminology Boolean is nothing but making an object , combining two objects with mathematical operators. The operation which are applied on that objects are subtraction , merging or even intersection of two objects.
Bounding Box : Smallest regular shaped box which enclosed a 3D object usually rectangular in shape .
Bump Map : 3D software package used a black and white image to simulate three dimensional detail of on the surface of an object . When projected over the surface of the object, parts of the surface beneath white areas of the image are raised; those beneath black
areas are depressed. Bump mapping is purely a rendering effect, however, and does not affect the underlying geometry of the model.
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3D Animation Glossary : A

2008-05-15T02:24:00.000-07:00

3D : Its basically Three-Dimensions graphic view of any part of body or even space that have width, length and Breath .

Algorithm : It’s a procedure following which we can get designated results , in 3D animation terms are algorithm used for generating texture , rendering images and controlling behavior or motion of any object by calculating mathematically .
Alpha Channel : Top 32-bit pixel which mainly used for other type of calculation besides generating color for image , its contains mask data which is used for separating an image from background which can be used for composition .
Ambient Light: Illumination level which generating artificially and representing infinite diffuse reflections from all surface wihin 3D scene , making possible that even surface without direct illumination become
visible to the user.
Animation: Process which create illusion of movement by projection of a still image series called frames. Sometimes its refer collection of techniques for making an 3D animation films and controlling object motion and camera for making a shot or scene in a animated move. More specially animation is keyframe animation , in which artist sets objects positions at certain key points in a action of scene and computer calculated their intervening positions through a
process of interpolation or ‘inbetweening’,and proceduralanimation, in which the motion is controlled automatically via a series of mathematical formulae.
Animatic : Basically its nothing but be rough sketch or even animation that give animator some idea about timings of sequence for making animated storyboard .
Anti-aliasing : Method of reducing or preventing rendering art facts by using color information to simulate a higher screen resolution .Basically process of softening the unnaturally precise or stepped edges (sometimes known as ‘the jaggies’) created when a computergenerated
object is placed against a contrasting background by using pixels of intermediate shades as a buffer between the two.
Aperture : While we taking about real camera size or openings that light passes through ( knows as f-stop) in order to reach the film. Larger the f-stop smaller the opening. Sometimes Animation software make you able to mimic the effects of different aperture settings on a record images
Aspect Ratio : Ratio between width and height of an image of making an image. Common aspect ratio for broadcast images is 4:3 and 16:9 widescreen.
Axis :A hypothetical linear path around which an object can be rotated, or across which it can be mirrored. In the Cartesian co-ordinate system, the three world axes, X, Y and Z (width, height and depth) define directionality within the 3D universe. Hence, a co-ordinate of (0,0,0) defines the origin of the world.
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Arena Animation Academy Specialist Program 2008 (AAASP 2008)

2008-05-12T03:20:00.000-07:00

Animation and multimedia training giant Arena launched new stylist version of comprehensive 2.5 year high end supported Animation program, described as Arena Animation Academy Specialist Program 2008 (AAASP 2008), its now be latest complete 3D Animation Career Program. According to spokes person of the Arena that “the course is designed to meet industry specific needs and open the wide area for Animation professional after being trained with Arena Animation 2008 pack. According to officials “project based work in conjunction with theoretical and particle experience person can more elaborate their efforts to get what they really deserve in th Animation industry.
Says R Krishnan, Global Head, Arena Animation, “Arena Animation’s intensive course curriculum and experiential training is designed to give every student the competitive edge in the world of animation and make a great career in this new age industry. We are upgrading the course every year with the latest technological expertise so as to equip our students with the best of skills and make them valued members of this booming industry.”
Key feature of the AAASP 2008
1) Laddered learning
2) E-projects
3) Concept based modules
4) Industry Relevant curriculum
5) Upgraded version
The course which arena offered be 31-month , five semester 3D animation job oriented program . Its includes 3 session in week and each session must be 90 minute long. The eligibility for AAASP 2008 is that person have to be completed their class 12.

Know more about this course here
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History of Film Animation

2008-05-07T04:12:00.000-07:00

The history of film animation began in the 1890s with the earliest days of silent films and continues through the present day. The first animated film was created by Charles-Émile Reynaud, inventor of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures. On October 28, 1892 at Musée Grévin in Paris, France he exhibited animations consisting of loops of about 500 frames, using his Théâtre Optique system - similar in principle to a modern film projector.

The first animated work on standard picture film was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) by J. Stuart Blackton. It features a cartoonist drawing faces on a chalkboard, and the faces apparently coming to life.

Fantasmagorie, by the French director Émile Cohl (also called Émile Courtet), is also noteworthy. It was screened for the first time on August 17, 1908 at Théâtre du Gymnase in Paris. Émile Courtet later went to Fort Lee, New Jersey near New York City in 1912, where he worked for French studio Éclair and spread its technique in the US.

The first puppet-animated film was The Beautiful Lukanida (1912) by the Russian-born (ethnically Polish) director Wladyslaw Starewicz (Ladislas Starevich).

The first animated feature film was El Apóstol, made in 1917 by Quirino Cristiani from Argentina. He also directed two other animated feature films, including 1931's Peludopolis, the first to use synchronized sound. None of these, however, survive to the present day. The earliest-surviving animated feature, which used colour-tinted scenes, is the silhouette-animated Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) directed by German Lotte Reiniger and French/Hungarian Berthold Bartosch. Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), often considered to be the first animated feature when in fact at least eight were previously released, was the nevertheless first to use Technicolor and the first to become successful within the English-speaking world.

The first Japanese-made anime film was the propaganda film Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors by the Japanese director Mitsuyo Seo. The film, shown in 1945, was ordered to be made to support the war by the Japanese Naval Ministry. The film's song AIEUO no Uta was later used in Osamu Tezuka's anime series Kimba the White Lion. Originally thought to have been destroyed during the American occupation, a negative copy survived and the film is now available in Japan on VHS.

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What is 3D animation?

2008-05-04T22:20:00.000-07:00

Being educated in 3D animation can open various filed like film , software etc for making career. Bureau of Labor Statistics yearly reports reveals that 3D animation expending opportunities in USA.
What is 3D animation?
Process of making characters or even computer OBJECTS (IN oops) like that they move and generate desired action. In comparison to 2d animation 3D animation image, we are able to see different angle and move around and became observable from all the angles ., like we are watching real life live objects . It’s a very new technology in comparison of currently existing technology and as 3D animation movie or even small part of movie can take time and many 3D animator help that’s why more and more 3D animator get job and work in our field . Basically person who are interested in making career in entertainment , video game industries 3D animation is best option for these people . In Real estate industry also much opportunity exist for 3D animation because now the planning of the city , building are also makes by 3D animation such that thee attract more and more people . Besides that you have technology capability and specialization in video graphics and special effects but besides that it require person own artistic talent and creativity.
Because competition exists for such positions, one who specializes in more than area of animation, demonstrating greater job flexibility, may have a greater chance of landing a higher paying job. College, universities, and technical schools offer a variety of courses in animation, graphic design or computer programming designed to prepare one for the animation, video graphics, and special effects industry. Earning a higher education, whether it is just taking individual courses or pursuing a certificate or degree program, may be beneficial for one's future career options.
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Animation Books

2008-05-02T04:39:00.001-07:00

Here are couple of animation books recommended by experts in animation.

1. Ruff, Barry and Gene Bodio. "Softimage Design Publishing Guide: Everything You Need to Master 3-D Modeling and Animation with Microsoft's Softimage." Coriolis Group, 1997.

2. Baker, Christopher. "Let There Be Life: Animating with the Computer." Walker and Co., 1997.
3. Foley, James. "Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice." Addison-Wesley, 1995.
4. Bridgman, George. "The Book of a Hundred Hands." Dover, 1972
5. Cody, John. "Atlas of Foreshortening: The Human Figure in Deep Perspective." Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984.
6. Carr, Robert and R.M. Hayes. "Wide Screen Movies: A History and Filmography of Wide Gauge Filmmaking." McFarland and Co., 1988.

Here is a magazine that might be of interest to you.
"Animation Magazine." 30101 Agoura Court, Suite 110, Agoura Hills, CA 91301.

So have fun reading all the material to brighten your future in animation.

Tej Kohli

Animation Professionals Salary Band

2008-05-01T00:25:00.000-07:00

Salaries in animation industry are as varied as any other industry. Salaried animators and multi-media artists these days are earning an average of about $44,000. In the motion picture industry the median salary is higher, at around $60,000. Here also salaries vary depending upon the employer and the region.

Computer animation and multimedia is a fiercely competitive field. Similar to the web, the entertainment industry, and other multimedia outlets continue to grow, there continue to be opportunities for talented artists to work as animators. But you really need to get the proper training at a strong computer animation school to be on that cutting edge that these employers seek. You can't think of being a novice and start working in animation. Not only do you get hands on training with the best equipment, but you also rub shoulders with those who know the industry well. This is just as important as the training itself.

Tej Kohli

Tej Kohli: Books on Animation

2008-02-26T23:36:00.000-08:00

Tej Kohli shares a collection of his most favourite books on 3D Animation.

Animating Real-Time Game Charactersby Paul Steed
The Artist's Complete Guide to Facial Expression
by Gary Faigin
Horses and Other Animals in Motion
by Eadweard Muybridge
Muybridge's Complete Human and Animal Locomotion (Volumes 1-4)
by Eadweard Muybridge
Encyclopedia of Animation Techniques (Encyclopedia of Art Series)
The Animation : Master Handbook
by Jeff Paries
Character Animation in Depth
by Doug Kelly
3-D Human Modeling and Animation
by Peter Ratner, Pe Ratner
Effective Web Animation : Advanced Techniques for the Web
by J. Scott Hamlin
Animation 101
by Ernest Pintoff

Career in Animation

2008-02-14T01:57:00.000-08:00

Animation gives various opportunity and roles in various industry. Indians who are seeking for a career in Animation is be good news that wings of Animation creator now expended into various field and its be new era phenomena for showing something new. The techniques for making new design also increased and now it’s embedding various media s for interacting real world. Animation is now limited only for making career in only software or even IT industry but films production , advertisement , television, the Internet, CD-ROM production, as well as product design/visualization, architecture, and interior design. Various roles and various departments in various have been made for recruiting animation professionals.
Different color Animation professionals

2-D Animator
Its be old fashioned but still exist because there are various area in which 2-D animation plays significant role and most important thing is that its be foundation of modern 3-D animation. 2-D animation professional can work animation, character design, clean-up, doping, modeling, slugging, and storyboarding.

3-D Animator
Various tools and software are in the market which plays significant role while designing and modeling character. 3-D animation gives the life of the charter. Now moving object just like real world people. Tools which help for making 3-D animation are PhotoShop, SoftImage, Alias/Wavefront, Maya, and others.s

Storyboard Artist
One of the challenging opportunity grown now are the days are Storyboard Artist. Basically these are the guys who interpret scripts to create storyboard. Work include are as planning shots, visualizing the story before drawing it, and being careful to maintain continuity among the shots. Storyboard Artist works many times as cutting, pasting, drawing, sketching perspective and composition. Story idea and screen play are the few part of role model that our Storyboard Artist plays many times .
Layout Artist
Layout Artist works for making the ideas for animation creation by rendering background layout for every scene. Basically they prefer Storyboard and other research for creating things. Such type of layouts are not in final production but